[{"_1":2,"_69":-5,"_70":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4},"lang-word",{"_5":6,"_22":23,"_58":59,"_64":65},"entry",{"_7":8,"_9":10,"_11":-5,"_12":13,"_14":15,"_16":17,"_18":19,"_20":21},"headword","research and development","slug","research-and-development","pronunciation","type","compound_noun","complexity","medium","totalCollocations",1,"avgFrequency",8,"languageVariants",[],"categories",[24],{"_25":26,"_9":27,"_28":29},"name","HEADWORD + noun","headword-noun","collocations",[30],{"_31":32,"_33":34,"_9":35,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_40":41,"_45":46,"_57":-5},"collocation","expenditure","phrase","research and development expenditure","research-and-development-expenditure","usage","Refers to the costs associated with the research and development of new products or services.","label","","frequency",{"_42":19,"_43":44},"score","perMillion",25.5,"examples",[47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56],"Many companies increase their research and development expenditure to remain competitive.","The government's research and development expenditure has seen a steady rise over the past decade.","A significant portion of our annual budget is dedicated to research and development expenditure.","Reducing research and development expenditure can often hinder innovation and future growth.","They announced a substantial increase in research and development expenditure for the next fiscal year.","The report highlighted the disparity in research and development expenditure between large and small firms.","Investors often scrutinize a company's research and development expenditure as a sign of its potential.","Effective management of research and development expenditure is crucial for technological advancement.","Despite economic challenges, the firm maintained its high research and development expenditure.","What is the average research and development expenditure for pharmaceutical companies globally?","translation","relatedEntries",{"_60":61,"_62":63},"asSubject",[],"asObject",[],"serverTranslations",{"_35":66},{"_33":67,"_36":68},"الإنفاق على البحث والتطوير","يشير إلى التكاليف المرتبطة بالبحث والتطوير لمنتجات أو خدمات جديدة.","actionData","errors"]