vigorously

to strongly disagree with or resist a plan or idea

to move something back and forth or up and down with short, quick, forceful movements

to disagree with and try to prevent something strongly

to agree with and give encouragement to someone or something with energy

to act against someone or something with force

to protect someone or something from attack with great energy

to present reasons for or against something in a strong and energetic way

to fight against something or someone with great energy

to question or dispute something with determination

to express strong disapproval or objection energetically

to discuss a subject formally with great energy

to actively encourage the progress or growth of something

to move your hand or an object back and forth in the air with energy

to refuse to accept or consider something with force

to state strongly that something is not true

to express a different opinion with strength and energy

to move your head up and down quickly and with force, especially to show strong agreement