impinge

严重影响

to have a significant and often negative effect on something

对某事产生重大的、通常是负面的影响

直接影响

to have a direct effect on something, without intermediate stages

直接对某事产生影响，没有中间环节

很少侵犯

to have an effect on something very infrequently

很少产生影响，尤其是负面影响

几乎不影响

to have almost no effect on something

对某事几乎没有影响

影响...

used to introduce the person or thing that is affected

用于引出受影响的人或事物

影响...（较正式）

a more formal or traditional alternative to 'on'

比 'on' 更正式或传统的用法