prior

information or a warning given in advance of an event

permission that must be obtained before an action can be taken

予備知識

knowledge that one has before encountering a particular situation or topic

特定の状況やトピックに遭遇する前に持っている知識

experience gained in a particular field or activity before a certain point in time

formal permission or sanction required beforehand, especially in medical or financial contexts

the act of allowing someone to do something, granted beforehand

事前の警告

a statement or event that indicates a possible danger or problem in advance

事前に与えられる警告（フォーマル）

先行研究

investigation or study of sources and materials in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions, conducted previously

事実を確立し、新しい結論に達するために、以前に行われた情報源や資料の調査または研究

agreement or permission given before something happens

a formal piece of information given in advance

a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense, which occurred in the past

the action or process of making something ready for use or consideration beforehand

先約

an engagement or obligation that restricts one's freedom of action, made at an earlier time

以前になされた、行動の自由を制限する約束や義務

事前の期待

a belief or assumption about what is likely to happen, held before an event

出来事が起こる前に抱かれる、起こりそうなことについての信念や仮定

an arrangement to do something or go somewhere at a fixed time, made previously

先行存在

the state of having existed before a particular time or event

特定の時間や出来事の前に存在していた状態

an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances (note: somewhat redundant as precedent implies prior)

事前抑制

a form of censorship where the government reviews and prohibits expression before it is made public

政府が表現が公開される前にそれを検閲し禁止する一種の検閲

優先権

a right to something that is considered more important or valid than someone else's right

他人の権利よりも重要または有効と見なされる何かに対する権利